ProSoundWeb Community

Sound Reinforcement - Forums for Live Sound Professionals - Your Displayed Name Must Be Your Real Full Name To Post In The Live Sound Forums => AC Power and Grounding => Topic started by: Douglas Cyr on January 09, 2022, 10:35:07 PM

Title: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Douglas Cyr on January 09, 2022, 10:35:07 PM
Photo album: https://imgur.com/a/QJPjxAD

Hello,

I have an event coming up at venue with a NEMA 10-50R receptacle side stage installed right underneath a breaker panel running into a 50 amp breaker. I need a high current/voltage outlet to power a Powersoft K20 DSP for the four subs I'll be using - it is an EDM DJ event so the subs will be pushed very hard, here are Powersoft's current draw specs:
Idle      115 V: 91 W – 1.3 A   230 V: 88 W – 1.17 A
1/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω      115 V: 1650 W – 15.8 A   230 V: 1625 W – 7.9 A
1/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω      115 V: 3250 W – 29.3 A   230 V: 3250 W – 14.7 A

The question: Is there a safe way to create an adapter to use this receptacle? I've metered it and it appears to be wired correctly (~120v neutral to each phase, 208v between phases):
https://imgur.com/Hejm8Ux

I think it won't work because the amp wants a ground, neutral, and a hot, while the receptacle has a neutral and two hots, but the venue owner says bands/sound people use this outlet all the time and that's why it was installed. My amp originally came with a single phase L6-20P plug.

Please take a look at the photo album and let me know what you guys think, I don't want to do anything dangerous for people or equipment but am curious if it's possible to make an adapter that will work here, my only other options here are 15/20 amp 120v receptacles.

Photo album: https://imgur.com/a/QJPjxAD
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Steve-White on January 09, 2022, 10:54:20 PM
What I would do and what I would advise on a forum could be two different things.

That style of device and circuit is intended for use on 208V equipment only as it has a ground and no neutral.  However, they are used for domestic appliances such as clothes dryers and ranges that have 110V lamps in them.  However, that is in a residential setup on 240V.

 I don't believe that to be a legit setup for stage gear.  Maybe some of the other guys know more about that style plug on a 208V system.  To be legit it would probably need to be a 4-wire setup with separate ground and neutral.

There could be liability connecting to that - again, let's see what the other guys think about it.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Douglas Cyr on January 09, 2022, 10:59:36 PM
What I would do and what I would advise on a forum could be two different things.

That style of device and circuit is intended for use on 208V equipment only as it has a ground and no neutral.  However, they are used for domestic appliances such as clothes dryers and ranges that have 110V lamps in them.  However, that is in a residential setup on 240V.

 I don't believe that to be a legit setup for stage gear.  Maybe some of the other guys know more about that style plug on a 208V system.  To be legit it would probably need to be a 4-wire setup with separate ground and neutral.

There could be liability connecting to that - again, let's see what the other guys think about it.

Hypothetically speaking, would I be able to make an adapter that taps the neutral and a hot leg with a clamp lead running to the exposed ground wire above the receptacle and would I still get the 50a current rating? I know this is sketchy but I'm just curious for education purposes.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Douglas Cyr on January 09, 2022, 11:15:42 PM
Hypothetically speaking, would I be able to make an adapter that taps the neutral and a hot leg with a clamp lead running to the exposed ground wire above the receptacle and would I still get the 50a current rating? I know this is sketchy but I'm just curious for education purposes.

Also, the wiring diagrams I saw online showed their should be 245-250v between the phases rather than 208v I measured.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Scott Holtzman on January 09, 2022, 11:32:14 PM
Also, the wiring diagrams I saw online showed their should be 245-250v between the phases rather than 208v I measured.


The amp is setup for single leg service even at 230v so you are out of luck.  CPC 45 A AMP connector is on the back.  Please refer to page 5 section 4:3 for these details.  The wiring is H-N-G.  If it was a four wire connector at the venue you could accomodate this.  Don't even consider a bootleg ground.


Please also not downstream protection requirement from the manual "With K6, K8, K10 and K20 a sectioning breaker between the mains connections and the amplifier must be installed inside the rack cabinet. Suggested device is 32A/250VAC, C or D curve, 10kA."


The venue doesn't have any other high current connections?  I usually go hunting in the kitchen.  If not you will have to get a generator.






 
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Douglas Cyr on January 10, 2022, 12:04:28 AM

The amp is setup for single leg service even at 230v so you are out of luck.  CPC 45 A AMP connector is on the back.  Please refer to page 5 section 4:3 for these details.  The wiring is H-N-G.  If it was a four wire connector at the venue you could accomodate this.  Don't even consider a bootleg ground.


Please also not downstream protection requirement from the manual "With K6, K8, K10 and K20 a sectioning breaker between the mains connections and the amplifier must be installed inside the rack cabinet. Suggested device is 32A/250VAC, C or D curve, 10kA."


The venue doesn't have any other high current connections?  I usually go hunting in the kitchen.  If not you will have to get a generator.

Thanks for this insight, I may have to look in the kitchen. I didn't notice the section in the manual about the rqckmount circuit breaker, where would I look to find one like they specify?
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Chris Hindle on January 10, 2022, 12:38:28 AM
Also, the wiring diagrams I saw online showed their should be 245-250v between the phases rather than 208v I measured.
Douglas, you're seeing 2 legs of a 3-phase system.
220/240 is NOT possible without transformers.
Chris.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Tim McCulloch on January 10, 2022, 01:49:58 AM
A lot to unpack here...

First, Steve White's observations:  spot on, if Douglas is measuring 208V he's seeing 2 legs from a 3 phase service.  The 10-50 is listed for 125-250V operation which means this has no EGC.  I wasn't aware it was permissible in new work, but every jurisdiction can be different (or there was no permit and no inspection).

Second, Douglas, your question of a separate ground shows you payed attention to what each wire does.  Code says all wiring must be enclosed so Code says no.  I have seen what you are asking, done in locales where permitting and inspections are lax.  That should not be considered an endorsement, but an observation.

Finally, if none of your equipment requires 240V to operate the whole 208V from 3 phase is kind of a moot issue, other than being aware of it.  The primary issue here is the connector and wiring lacks the equipment safety ground.  It should be changed to a NEMA 5-50.  The venue and other users will resist because they have "Kludge Kords" built and changing all that is where the expenses really are.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Helge A Bentsen on January 10, 2022, 03:50:03 AM
ASSuming you can make a legal connection, my experience with Powersoft is that they run on anything.

My K20 run fine on 2 hot legs (230V between legs) or hot-neutral (230V between hot-neutral).
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Douglas Cyr on January 10, 2022, 07:46:18 AM
ASSuming you can make a legal connection, my experience with Powersoft is that they run on anything.

My K20 run fine on 2 hot legs (230V between legs) or hot-neutral (230V between hot-neutral).


Interesting, and is there such a thing as +phase and - phase? Does it matter which phase goes to which terminal and is there a way to test that with a multimeter?

Also in this image:
https://bit.ly/3JQm1wt

What is going on what that ground wire running to the receptacle? What would that be connected to?
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Erik Jerde on January 10, 2022, 09:15:29 AM

Interesting, and is there such a thing as +phase and - phase? Does it matter which phase goes to which terminal and is there a way to test that with a multimeter?

Also in this image:
https://bit.ly/3JQm1wt

What is going on what that ground wire running to the receptacle? What would that be connected to?

I haven’t seen phases labeled +/-.  I’d avoid that because of the connotations to DC power.  Usually in my experience it’s legs 1-3 or by color. 

For wiring on a system with equal phases (no wild leg etc) it doesn’t matter which leg hits which line terminal on your wiring device.  The point is the voltage differential created between the two legs and/or between line and neutral.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Stephen Swaffer on January 10, 2022, 12:57:13 PM

Second, Douglas, your question of a separate ground shows you payed attention to what each wire does.  Code says all wiring must be enclosed so Code says no.  I have seen what you are asking, done in locales where permitting and inspections are lax.  That should not be considered an endorsement, but an observation.


Actually, 250.138 Requires cord and plug equipment to have it's frame mounted by one of two paragraphs-the second paragraph (B) says By means of a separate flexible wire or strapBy means of a separate flexible wire or strap, insulated or bare, connected to an equipment grounding conductor and protected as well as practicable against physical damage where part of the equipment..

In existing locations, generally ground wires are allowed to be run to any exposed point on the grounding electrode system without regard to running with the the conductors.  Of course, local jurisdictions might be more strict.

The best method (and by far the safest)-especially given the close proximity of the panel indicating an easy solution would be to update to a grounding receptacle.  If there is objection because of other users, code would allow adding a second grounding receptacle in parallel.  I'd have to think about whether or not I as an electrician would want to touch that "upgrade" though and enable others to continue unsafe practices.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Steve-White on January 10, 2022, 01:06:06 PM
This is getting good.  One of the reason's I replied, to get tagged to the thread.  Having residential and light commercial electrical experience and stage experience I'm not sure I fully understand all that's been discussed thus far.

Scott, not picking at your post.  Where does one find H-N-G (Hot Neutral Ground) with 240VAC potential?  That would almost have to be a 480V system.

COMMENT:  Any of today's amplifiers with multi-voltage capability i.e. 125V-250V should not require a neutral.

That being stated, it appears the manufacturers are left in a quandry.  The multi-voltage connectors I'm familiar with are all 4-wire L1 L2 Neutral Ground.

As Scott pointed out on the Powersoft amp the input connector for the AC line calls for a neutral.

I have Crown's with 20A 125V pigtails for power that can run on 240.  Haven't wired the racks yet, but will wire 'em up for 240V operation to get full power from multiple amps and keep wire gauge down.

So, what NEC do we violate to power up an amp with 208/240V?

For the OP Doug, what Tim said:  "Finally, if none of your equipment requires 240V to operate the whole 208V from 3 phase is kind of a moot issue, other than being aware of it.  The primary issue here is the connector and wiring lacks the equipment safety ground.  It should be changed to a NEMA 5-50.  The venue and other users will resist because they have "Kludge Kords" built and changing all that is where the expenses really are."
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Jonathan Johnson on January 10, 2022, 02:25:06 PM
The electrical requirements for the K20 DSP state thus:
Power Supply:Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Nominal power requirement:100-240 V ±10%, 50-60 Hz
Operating voltage:90 V – 264 V

I'm assuming that, like most switch-mode power supplies, it's technically agnostic about which is "hot" and which is "neutral". (Some may reference between the line conductors and ground, but I have no idea why that would be necessary. Stinger caps haven't been a thing for decades.)

Given that, then it's physically possible and *should* be safe to connect the line conductors of the amp to the two "hot" legs of the 10-50R, thereby feeding 208V to the power supply of the amp, and the ground lead to the center "neutral" conductor of the 10-50R, rendering it a ground rather than a neutral. Two legs of three-phase is single phase.

Since the receptacle is actually listed for the "neutral" to provide a "bootleg" ground (or is it a "bootleg" neutral? -- though typically only for residential ranges), and the National Electrical Code permits it (though not for new installations), I don't see why an inspector would disapprove of the use as you propose.

Where you'd get into trouble is if you split it off to also power 120V equipment, thereby using the center pin of the 10-50R as both ground and neutral (even though that's still a "listed" application).

I do agree that having the venue install a 14-50R is the best way to resolve it. But I don't see a problem -- either from a safety perspective or a regulatory perspective -- of using a 10-50R receptacle in this manner, since the listings and codes seem to allow it.

The only quibble would be if the amp requires a genuine "neutral" on one of the legs, but I doubt it. It could *if* the power switch only broke one leg of the circuit, but if it breaks both legs of the circuit, then the choice of which wire is "neutral" is entirely arbitrary. If you're really concerned about it, contact Powersoft.

Bottom line: my understanding of the codes is that the NEMA 10-50R is listed to provide two hots and a ground, which would be sufficient to supply the Powersoft K20 DSP. Bear in mind that overcurrent protection must be sized accordingly.

DISCLAIMER: I am not an electrician, inspector, or engineer. I'm just a random guy on the Internet giving his unqualified opinion.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Steve Crump on January 10, 2022, 02:29:00 PM
So, what NEC do we violate to power up an amp with 208/240V? As far as have seen, most of the IEC inlets are 250volt rated, so I guess it just takes finding a rated cord assembly. Most cords are rated 300volt, it is the plugs that cause the rating to go to 125volt. So it would be a matter of finding the correct cord assembly for the voltage/amperage. Example LINKY (https://www.usalab.com/usa-lab-9-power-cord-from-220v-plug-15-amp-nema-6-15p-to-iec-320-c13/?action=select&sku=Does%20Not%20Apply&network=o&device=c&keyword=&campaign=359065566&adgroup=pla-4586681476409721&msclkid=1605366e0eb6158eb2f357b286e74fbe&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=**LP%20Shop%20-%20Misc%20Under%20%2499&utm_term=4586681476409721&utm_content=27625%20%7C%20USA%20Lab%209%27%20power%20cord%20from%20220v%20plug%2015%20amp%20NEMA%206-15P%20to%20IEC%20320%20C13%20%7C%20%2425)
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Stephen Swaffer on January 10, 2022, 04:25:02 PM


Bottom line: my understanding of the codes is that the NEMA 10-50R is listed to provide two hots and a ground, which would be sufficient to supply the Powersoft K20 DSP. Bear in mind that overcurrent protection must be sized accordingly.


Actually two hots and a neutral.  If ?? that is a subpanel that makes a big difference-in the main service panel, they will be connected anyway but there are all kinds of technical reasons that it could still be an issue..  If the receptacle was rated for two hots and a ground, it could legally have smaller wire to the ground than to the neutral-which would be a problem fully loading at 120 volts-and assuming that it was wired correctly for a neutral vs a ground is probably a foolish thing to do.

Then there is the whole issue of overcurrent protection-equipment is generally designed to be safe plugged into an appropriate receptacle-there is a whole "behind the scenes" scheme of coordinated protection that is bypassed by a lot of these adapters that let you plug tinsel cord into 50 amp receptacles.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Brian Jojade on January 10, 2022, 06:50:18 PM
I haven’t seen phases labeled +/-.  I’d avoid that because of the connotations to DC power.  Usually in my experience it’s legs 1-3 or by color. 

For wiring on a system with equal phases (no wild leg etc) it doesn’t matter which leg hits which line terminal on your wiring device.  The point is the voltage differential created between the two legs and/or between line and neutral.

It does matter when you're using 3 phase motors.  If you re-order the wires, the motor will spin the opposite direction. Obviously, this could cause serious problems.

For devices just needing the single phase, yeah, you're correct, it shouldn't matter, although you want to make sure all equipment is wired the same. Sometimes mixing and matching can be an issue (especially in older vintage gear)

As others have stated, this is clearly the WRONG type of plug for the intended use.  The NEMA 10-50 is listed as a 2 hot and neutral connection, with NO ground conductor.  It's still listed in the NEMA standard, but has been depreciated.

If you do use this connector and use the neutral line as the ground conductor, it would meter correctly, but wouldn't be correct.

Also, the second picture posted showing exposed wiring just looks like very poor installation practices.  Get it redone correctly with a 4 or 5 pin connector so you can safely tie distros into the system.  Cost to the venue would be a couple hundred bucks, at most.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Douglas Cyr on January 10, 2022, 10:56:53 PM
Thanks for all the great info everyone.

I plan on expanding my power distribution inventory, but to get by for this gig (assuming I can verify the powrrsoft will take two hot legs in place of a hot and a neutral) is to make an adapter from 10-50P to L6-20 but instead of connecting the ground to the neutral, clamping the ground conductor to the breaker panel chassis or exposed grounding conductor. Is this excessively sketchy/illegal or will it be safe?
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Steve-White on January 11, 2022, 01:23:25 AM
Doug that thing wreaks of liability.  I wouldn't touch it with a 10' fiber pole.  Get a generator if you need to.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Mike Monte on January 11, 2022, 07:21:35 AM

I find this thread to be both informative and supportive of a business decision I made a few years ago.
When I started building the rigs for my needs I thought about getting a single power amplifier to drive my four double 18 subs;
convenience of routing and amp rack weight were selling points but chasing power was always in the back of my mind.
Are there 30 (or 50) amp circuits available everywhere in my area...?  Probably not, but there are usually 20 amp circuits at performance sites.

I settled on Itech6000/8000's for my subs.

I have run my four subs on aggressive DJ'd gigs using two Itech's (1 cab per channel) with each Itech on its own 20amp circuit - zero issues.

Looking through this thread you may be best to run two of your subs on your sub amp with its own (20amp?) circuit and rent/borrow a second amp to do the same for the other two subs.

I, for one, would not tempt fate "experimenting" with questionable wiring.....  One seldom becomes a hero without assuming some risk........

Rent/borrow a second amp and be done with it.....safety first. 


 
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Steve-White on January 11, 2022, 10:25:50 AM
^^^ A second amp and both on 20A 125V power is a good solution.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Tim McCulloch on January 11, 2022, 11:18:25 AM
Thanks for all the great info everyone.

I plan on expanding my power distribution inventory, but to get by for this gig (assuming I can verify the powrrsoft will take two hot legs in place of a hot and a neutral) is to make an adapter from 10-50P to L6-20 but instead of connecting the ground to the neutral, clamping the ground conductor to the breaker panel chassis or exposed grounding conductor. Is this excessively sketchy/illegal or will it be safe?

Absolutely do not bond neutral and ground downstream of the "point of service".  Where you find a ground and how you connect it, I'm not offering suggestions on a public forum... ;)
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Douglas Cyr on January 12, 2022, 06:01:03 PM
Alright everyone,

So I talked to Powersoft support and they corroborated what some said on here: the K20 will operate fine with two hot legs across the terminals rather than a hot and a neutral, and, if the neutral is bonded to ground I can substitute the neutral of the receptacle for the grounding conductor. So I can essentially make an adapter using all three conductors of the 10-50R directly into the K20 (this isn't considering the 30 amp breaker I will need ofcourse.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Brian Jojade on January 12, 2022, 11:46:15 PM
Alright everyone,

So I talked to Powersoft support and they corroborated what some said on here: the K20 will operate fine with two hot legs across the terminals rather than a hot and a neutral, and, if the neutral is bonded to ground I can substitute the neutral of the receptacle for the grounding conductor. So I can essentially make an adapter using all three conductors of the 10-50R directly into the K20 (this isn't considering the 30 amp breaker I will need ofcourse.

Of course you CAN do that, but what you are doing is NOT code.  You should strongly push for the venue to install the PROPPER connector for this type of use.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Steve-White on January 13, 2022, 12:27:07 AM
Of course you CAN do that, but what you are doing is NOT code.  You should strongly push for the venue to install the PROPER connector for this type of use.

Read and heed.

The question isn't will it work?  Yes it will work.

The question is should you do it?  The answer is a resounding no.  The liability isn't worth the risk to connect to an illegal hodge-podge setup.
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Stephen Swaffer on January 13, 2022, 12:41:45 PM
I second Brian and Scott.  The problem is most people look at grounds and neutrals as "the same" since they are connected together.  A couple of thoughts:

1.  IF this is a (properly wired) subpanel, the grounds and neutrals will be separate in the panel-connected at the main service panel.  Still connected, right?  Yes, but consider if there is 1/10 ohm resistance on the neutral wire back to the main panel and 20 amps unbalanced current flowing-that works out to a 2 volt voltage drop (working as an electrician, I expect to see this voltage drop-it is routine)-if your amp is connected to a mixer/source that is properly grounded, you potentially have 2 volts AC hum on your subs-which will amplify that nicely.

2.  Heating and cooling of connections is a major source of connections "going bad".  Code does not allow "objectionable" current on grounding conductors so they never have a heat/cool cycle to work things loose.  It is far more likely to have a less than ideal connection on a neutral than on a ground.  If you connect the frame of your Powersoft to that neutral and there is an issue with that neutral, the frame of your amp will be raised to a voltage potential that could be hazardous.

Yes it will work-until it doesn't and in this case "not working" would be hazardous to people and equipment.  Is it worth the risk?
Title: Re: Venue with NEMA 10-50R side stage
Post by: Jonathan Johnson on January 13, 2022, 01:59:13 PM
Stick a wet shirt on the Powersoft, and if anyone asks...

"But, Mr. Inspector, that's not a power amplifier, it's a clothes dryer and falls under the exception provided in NEC 250.140!"

(The above is an attempt at humor. Not a serious suggestion. The exception is ONLY for ranges, cooktops, ovens, and clothes dryers.)

In the event that this receptacle is provisioned through a subpanel (where neutral and ground are NOT bonded) rather than a service entrance (where neutral and ground ARE bonded), a failure of the neutral connection upstream of the subpanel could energize the chassis (and, potentially, connected devices) for the amplifier.

That is, if the neutral fails, the return path for current for other devices provisioned through the subpanel would then be through the neutral-aka-ground to the chassis of the Powersoft and (possibly) other devices connected through the shield of an interconnect cable. This could cause an overcurrent in those shields that overheats them, and poses a shock hazard to personnel.

If the receptacle is provisioned directly from a service entrance, then the only differences from a properly wired NEMA 6-50 (250V 50A 2-pole w/g) are the form factor of the prongs and the color of the conductors.