The metro trains run on a 750 V DC rail-each car has 1000 HP (typically)-so no the breakers can't be the ones on recall-not anywhere near big enough.
My guess is that the arcing event eventually melted enough metals to extinguish itself -although DC might have taken a rather large gap to stop (anyone that has stick welded with both AC and DC knows a DC arc will stay established a lot easier). But in order for workers to enter the tunnel, it had to be de-energized for safety.
I don't know what type of insulation was on the cables involved-but I have been cautioned by electrical inspectors to minimize the amount of URD (typical direct burial "Underground residential distribution") run inside a home since the insulation produces a toxic smoke when it burns. So it would not surprise me if the insulation on these cables produced a toxic smoke.