Adam,
If you measure 208-240 volts between the hots (hot should be the smaller straight blade on USA standard household outlets) on two 120 V outlets, they are on two circuits. You can use an extension cord to bring the two outlets within the length of your VOM test leads.
Measuring 0 volts between the two hots does not necessarily indicate they are on the same circuit, they may be on different circuits but on the same hot leg.
There are outlet circuit testers, like the Sperry CS-500A that use a transmitter that is plugged into the circuit under test, and a receiver that “sniffs” the signal at the circuit breaker.
Unfortunately, other appliances plugged into the circuit can give false readings, and the units are a bit touchy to start with. I have only found the CS-500A good to narrow down the possibilities, especially when the circuit breaker cover is in place.
Plugging a radio into the circuit and flipping breakers can be useful if you have a quiet enough environment to hear the radio in the first place.
You will want to make sure that cash registers and computer circuits are not flipped while they are running...
Art Welter